Physics - Molecular Theory of the Living Cell - page 42

Table 2.13 The universality of the principle of wave-particle duality (or complementarity) in physics, biology, and philosophy
Fields Observations/facts Theory Reality question

Physics 1. Photoelectric effect Wave ! particle (Einstein 1905) 1. The Copenhagen interpretation (Herbert

1987): quons are neither particles nor waves
but exhibit particle or wave properties upon
measurement

2. Electron diffraction Particle ! wave (de Broglie 1923) 2. The de Broglie-Bohm interpretation (Herbert

1987): quons possess wave and particle
properties simultaneously and inherently even
before measurement

Biology 3. Single-enzyme molecules show

wave properties since they obey a
Planck radiation law-like equation
(Ji 2008b)

3. Enzymes and biochemicals inside the cell obey
the principle of wave-particle duality:
i.e., biomolecules are wave-particle-dual a
as are quons in physics

Enzyme

Particle Wave

4. Microarray data on RNA levels
in yeast cells also obey the Planck
radiation law-like equation
(Ji and So 2009d)

RNA

Particle Wave

Philosophy 5. Memory is not localized in any

specific regions of the brain
(Pribram 2010)

Memories are interference patterns of
brain waves (Pribram 2010)

4. We think in waves
5. Thoughts are wave-like processes
6. Thoughts are waves
7. Thoughts are dissipatons b
8. Dissipatons are wave-particle-dual a

9. Thoughts are wave-particle dual a
10. Thoughts as waves are constrained by the
spectral area code, D W D M

6. We think in signs Semiotics or the theory of signs

(C. S. Peirce late nineteenth
and early twentieth centuries)
(Short 2007)

1 (Herbert
1987), which provides the mathematical basis
for the Knowledge Uncertainty Principle
(see Sect. 5.2.8 )

>

Quantum physics (Herbert 1987;
Pribram 2010)