Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 20.2 A 14-step mechanism of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity proposed in Ji (1987)
Kupffer cells) in the same node where neutrophils appear in Fig.
20.3
.To
accommodate the most recent finding that reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are
also implicated in acetaminophen-induced mitochondrial damage (Burke et al.
2010), it is only necessary to include RNS in the same node where reactive
oxygen species (ROS), that is, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl
radicals, are located in Fig.
20.3
.
There is a considerable amount of overlap between the two mechanistic schemes
or pathways shown in Figs.
20.2
and
20.3
. Therefore, it should be possible to combine
these two pathways into a new one with less than the sum of the steps involved in
the two separate pathways, that is, less than 28 steps. This new pathway can then
serve as the starting point (i.e., Step 1 in Table
20.3
) for applying the Toxicological
