Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
The Bhopalator
( Conforomn-P Machine )
Turing Machine
Zadeh Machine
Fig. 12.39 The Turing and the Zadeh machines as the complementary aspects of the conformon-P
machine , or the formal model of the Bhopalator
Zadeh machine (g)
Words
Computing
Bhopalator (h)
Turing machine (f)
Molecules
Numbers
Bhopalator (k)
Commutativity : g
h = f
k
°
°
Fig. 12.40 The commutative diagram relating the molecular model of the cell, the Bhopalator, to
the computer models of Turing and Zadeh. This diagram is consistent with Fig. 12.38 wherein the
Turing and Zadeh machines are viewed as the complementary aspects of the Bhopalator
Turing and Zadeh machines. According to Zadeh, probability theory (which is based
on crisp sets) and fuzzy logic are complementary rather than competitive (Zadeh
1995). Therefore, it may be reasonable to suggest that the Turing machine and Zadeh
machines are complementary. If so, there must exist a third term or entity, of which
these two machines represent its complementary aspects, and it seems logical to
conclude that the Bhopalator (and its formal model, the conformon-P machine) can
qualify as the third entity.
(5) If the Turing/Zadeh complementarity model of computing turns out to be true
in principle, it may have important applications in cognitive sciences. The compu-
tational theories of mind described in Putnam (1961) and Fodor (1975) appear to
assume that the Turing machine is the best theoretical framework now available to
model computing (Ji 1991, pp. 205-209). If the content of Figs. 12.39 and 12.40 is
correct, the Turing machine may at best capture the crisp aspect of human mind,
and misses out on its fuzzy aspect. In addition, the Turing machine, being formal
and macroscopic, may completely miss out on the molecular energetic grounds for
the working mechanisms of the human mind. Hence, it may be reasonable to
suggest that the Bhopalator provides a sound starting point for modeling the
human mind (Ji 2003a). This suggestion may gain support from the cell language
theory, according to which living cells use a molecular language that shares with
human language a common set of semiotic principles (Ji 1997a, b) (see Sect. 6.1.2 ) .
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