Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
(a/(Ax + B)
5
)/(e
b/(Ax + B)
Table 12.10 The Universal law of Thermal Transitions, y
ΒΌ
1), as
applied to black-body radiation, single-molecule enzymology, and whole-cell metabolism
Single-molecule
enzymology
Black-body radiation
Whole-cell metabolism
1. y
Light intensity
Frequency
Frequency
2. x
Wavelengths
Waiting times
Phenotypic distances
10
15
(8
p
hc)
10
5
10
7
-10
9
3. a
5.00
3.5
10
3
(hc/kT)
4. b
4.816
200
40-70
5. A
1
0.33
2
6. B
0
0
0-3
Electrons
in atoms
a
7. System of
Atoms
forming
proteins
b
Proteins forming protein
complexes
c
(?)
10
15
~10
9
~10
7
8. Size of
components (m)
Electronic states
d
9. Thermal
excitation of
Vibrational,
rotational and
bending states
e
Translational and
rotational states
e
(?)
Emission
f
10. Resulting in
Catalysis (by a
single
enzyme)
g
Control (i.e., catalysis
by a system of
enzymes)
h
Photons
i
Conformons
j
Dissipatons
k
(?)
11. New concept
Quantization of action
l
12. New principle
Quantization of
conformational
energy levels
within
biopolymers
m
Quantization of the
Gibbs free energy
levels of biopolymer
complexes inside the
cell
n
13. Energy due to
Electromagnetic field
in atoms
o
Mechanical stress
field in
biopolymers
p
Concentration field
inside the cell
q
(?)
Quantum mechanics
r
14. New theory
Local dissipaton
(LD) theory of
molecular
machines
s
Global dissipaton (GD)
theory of the
regulation of cell
metabolism
t
(?)
rationale for this inference is that protein stability data are
quantitatively identi-
cal with the activation free energies of protein denaturation
. If this interpretation
is correct, the same mechanism of single-molecule enzymic catalysis proposed
in Fig.
11.28
would apply to protein denaturation, except that the common
transition state, C
{
, now replace the denatured (or unfolded) state of a protein.
Based on these findings, it is here suggested that Eq.
12.26
can be viewed as a
universal law
applicable to
blackbody radiation, single-molecule enzymology
,
protein stability, and
whole-cell metabolism,
three of which are summarized in
Table 12.10 with extensive commentaries and footnotes. The common
mechanisms underlying all of the three phenomena listed in Table
12.10
are
postulated to be the
thermal excitations
or
activations of molecular motions
(or
Brownian motions
), including bond vibrations, rotations, and translational
motions of molecules (see Row 9, Table
12.10
). It is for these reasons that
