Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.9 A comparison between blackbody radiation and enzymic catalysis. For a more detailed discussion of this table, see Footnote 5 in Table
11.10
Blackbody radiation
Enzymic catalysis
1. Experimental
observation
Asymmetric bell-shaped distribution
of radiation
intensity as a function
of wavelengths,
l
~ 1,860
Asymmetric
bell-shaped and
rugged
histograms of the frequency
of catalytic rate constants as a function of waiting times,
w. (Lu et al. 1998)
~10
27
oscillators
~10
3
oscillators
2. System of
3. System dimension
~1 m
~1 nm
4. Temperature, K
3,000 ~ 5,000
~300
5. Difference
Heat energy, E, absorbed (or emitted)
by blackbody
under measurement
Rate constant, k, of the enzyme molecule inferred
from the measured lifetimes of the fluorescence
of the COx coenzyme, FAD
6. Variables
a
l
~ 1/E , or E
¼
hc/
l
k ~ 1/w, or w ~ 1/k
7. Formula
a
(8
p
hc
l
5
)/(e
hc/
l
k_BT
(aw
5
)/(e
b/w
u(
l
)
¼
1)
f(w)
¼
1)
10
11
(or 4.0
10
14
)
a
¼
3.5
10
2
(or 6.5
10
2
)
b
¼
2.0
8. Theory
a
D
G
{
¼ D
H
{
T
D
S
{
n(E)
D
E
¼
g(E)f(E)
D
E
g(E)e
E/k_BT
e
D
G
{
/k_BT
e
D
S
{
/k_B
e
-
D
H
{
/k_BT
¼
D
E
k
¼
9. Density of states
determined by
External constraints (i.e., the geometry
of the blackbody
cavity, i.e., boundary conditions)
Internal constraints (i.e., the primary, secondary and
tertiary structure of the COx molecule)
10. Isomorphism
l
w
E
k
e
D
S
{
/k_B
g(E)
e
E/k_BT
e
D
H
{
/k_BT
11. Conclusion
Quantization
of radiation energy
(
photons
)
Selection/quantization
of conformational strains, called
conformons
(Ji 1974a,
b), based on their ability to control both (a) the size of rate constants of the
enzymic reactions they catalyze and (b) the probability of the occurrence of
the rate constants. It is assumed that (a) is determined by the
energy content
and (b) by the catalytic
information content
of
conformons
a
Symbols are defined as follows:
l ¼
wavelength, E energy, h
¼
Planck constant, c
¼
the speed of light, k
¼
rate constant, w
¼
waiting time, u
¼
a
temperature,
D
S
{
the entropy of activation,
D
H
{
