Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 11.1 (continued)
Year
Author(s)
Key events and ideas
I
E
12. 1969-1975
R. Lumry
Enzymes can store mechanical energy as conformational trains to be utilized to
drive molecular work processes (Ji 2000; Astumian 2001; Lumry 2009)
+
C. McClare
W. Jencks
13. 1972
D. E. Green
Conformons
, defined as the mechanical energy stored in conformational strains of
enzymes, were postulated to mediate energy transfer from respiration to ATP
synthesis in mitochondria
+
S. Ji
14. 1972
W. Fries et al.
The first
nucleotide sequence
of a gene,
COAT_BPMS2
, was determined
+
15. 1976
M. Gilbert
DNA gyrase
was discovered that introduces
negative supercoils
into circular
double-stranded DNA. DNA supercoils were later found to be essential for
DNA functions, including transcription, replication, and recombination
(Cozzarelli 1980; Reece and Maxwell 1991)
-
+
K. Mizuuchi
M. H. O'Dea
H. A. Nash
16. 1977
R. J. Roberts
Exons
and
introns
were discovered. Genes could be split into segments, and one
gene could make several proteins through alternative splicing
+
P. Sharp
17. 1985
S. Ji
Conformons
were redefined as packets
of mechanical energy
and
genetic
information
localized in sequence-specific sites within biopolymers and
postulated to drive all goal-directed molecular movements inside the cell
+
+
1988
Two forms of genetic information are postulated to exist;
sequence information
(called Watson-Crick genes) and
time-varying patterns of chemical
concentrations
(called
Prigoginian genes
)
Watson-Crick genes ¼
Equilibrium structures
Sheet music
Information transmission in time
Prigoginian genes ¼
Dissipative structures
Audio music
Information transmission in space
