Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 5.7
The concept of complementarity as a fuzzy set
Table 5.3 Some examples of the complementary pairs of Kelso and EngstrØm whose degree of
complementarity has been calculated on the basis of the three criteria of the complementarian logic
discussed in Sect.
2.3.3
(These calculations are somewhat subjective)
Complementary pairs
of Kelso and EngstrØm
Criteria of the complementarian logic
Degree of
complementarity
Exclusivity
Essentiality
Transcendentality
Wave ~ particle
+
+
+
1.0
Information ~ energy
+
+
+
1.0
Energy ~ matter
+
0.3
Energy ~ time
+
+
0.6
Space ~ time
+
+
+
1.0
Mind ~ body
+
+
+
1.0
Object ~ subject
+
+
+
1.0
Abrupt ~ gradual
+
0.3
Even ~ odd
+
0.3
Perception ~ action
+
0.3
Vitalism ~ mechanism
+
+
0.6
Thus, some of the complementary pairs of Kelso and EngstrØm satisfy only one
and some two of the above three criteria, and only a small number of them satisfy all
of the three criteria. We may designate these complementary pairs as the 0-, 0.3-,
0.6-, and 1.0- complementary pairs, respectively, the fractions indicating the degree
of membership to the complementary set (see the dotted lines in Fig.
5.7
) calculated
as the ratio of the number of the criteria satisfied over the total number of the
criteria. Some examples of complementary pairs having different degrees of
complementarities are listed in Table
5.3
.
5.2.7 The Knowledge Uncertainty Principle (KUP)
The first line of the Taoist text, The Lao-Tze, states that
The Tao, once expressed, is no longer the permanent Tao.
