Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Wright SL, Thompson RC, Galloway TS. The physical impacts of
microplastics on marine organisms: a review. Environ Pollut
2013;178:483-492.
Yakimets I, Lai D, Guigon M. Effect of photooxidation cracks on behaviour
of thick polypropylene samples. Polym Degrad Stab 2004;86:59-67.
Yamashita R, Takada H, Fukuwaka M-A, Watanuki Y. Physical and
chemical effects of ingested plastic debris on short-tailed shearwaters, Puff
inustenuirostris, in the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Pollut Bull 2011;62
(12):2845-2849.
Zarfl C, Matthies M. Are marine plastic particles transport vectors for
organic pollutants to the Arctic? Mar Pollut Bull 2010;60:1810-1814.
Zbyszewski M, Corcoran PL, Hockin A. Comparison of the distribution and
degradation of plastic debris along shorelines of the Great Lakes, North
America. J Great Lakes Res 2014;40 (2):288-299.
Notes
1
On the average, the survey found 1.5 crabs per pot, but some pots
contained up to 125 crabs. The biodegradable panels and biodegradable
hinges, either mandated or voluntarily used, do not appear to be a
complete solution to this problem.
2
The United States has the world's largest naval fleet of 341 warships at
sea. Larger US naval vessels are equipped with onboard plastic waste
processors that melt the plastic and carry them back to port for recycling.
3
What is generally referred to as “microplastics” in the research literature
is mostly mesoplastics with a smaller fraction of microplastics.
4
Alternatively, the following equation based on the Freundlich sorption
isotherms can also be used
.
5
Using phthalate levels (derived from plastics) in the tissue of larger filter
feeding organisms such as whales as indicators of microplastics pollution
has been suggested (Fossi et al., 2012). However, plasticized PVC that
