Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
thevaluesare~4,000-6,000kJ/kg,andintheUnitedStates(orWestern
Europe) it is 10,000-15,000 kJ/kg.
6
The most toxic member of the dioxin family is 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Agent
Orange is an approximately 1:1 mixture of two
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
. Dioxin TCDD was present as a
contaminant in Agent Orange used as a defoliant in the Vietnam War.
7
Up to eight positions on the ring structures of both PCDDs and PCDFs
can be chlorinated yielding different isomers with the same numbers
of C, H, and Cl atoms in the molecule. The toxicity of these congeners
depend on the position of the Cl atoms in the molecule.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
(TCDD) is considered the most toxic of
8
Dioxins are a class of human carcinogens, ED agents, and cause severe
developmental problems. The USEPA estimates that a single burn barrel
can produce more dioxins than a full-scale municipal waste combustor
burning 200 tons a day.
9
Named after the Member of Parliament in the Netherlands who proposed
it. It is now specified in the Environmental Management Act in that
country.
10
Nestlé Waters North America Inc. half-liter “ReBorn” bottles.
11
To assume that the presence of recycling “chasing arrow” logo or the
printed word “recyclable” to mean that it will be recycled after use, is a
common consumer misconception.
12
Except for PP which was recycled at a rate of 21% in 2011.
