Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.8
Some Examples of Nonphthalate Plasticizers For PVC
BCF
a
Plasticizer
Symbol
Oral
toxicity
a
mg/kg
body
weight/
day
l/kg
ATBC
b
Acetyl tri-
n
-butyl citrate
1000
250 None
DEHA
c
Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
948/1104
27 Negative
effects
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic
acid, dinonyl ester
Trioctyltrimellitate
TOTM Not
available
1-3 Negative
reproductive
toxicology
effects
10
6
Di(2-ethylhexyl)
terephthalate
DEHT 325-102/
418-666
None
Phthalate substitutes can also leach out of plastics, and their toxicity to human
consumers has not as yet been comprehensively studied. Once the functional
equivalence of a substitute plasticizer is established, exhaustive studies need to be
undertaken to unambiguously validate their safety to health and environment.
a
Source for chronic exposure NOAEL, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and oral
toxicity information is from Versar, Inc. and Syracuse Research Corporation (2010).
b
Approved by the FDA for use as a food additive and food-contact substance.
c
Approved by the FDA as an indirect food additive as a component of adhesives.
d
Approval from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA, 2005), the Japan
Hygienic PVC Association (JHPA), and the German Institute for Risk Assessment
(German BfR) for use as a food-contact substance. Waiting for FDA approval.
e
Manufacturer-reported data.
