Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
System
affected
Adverse effect
reported
References
4. Diabetes and
weight gain
• Insulin
resistance
• Increased
adipose and
cholesterol
Ropero et al. (2008)
Miyawaki et al. (2007)
Takai et al. (2000) a
5. Behavioral
changes
• Aggressive
behavior
Kawai et al. (2002); Ishido et al.
(2004); Farabollini et al. (1999) a ;
Negishi et al. (2004) a
• Hyperactivity
• Behavior
problems a
Effects based on animal model studies. Low dose is one that is below the safe limit
of 50 µg/kg body weight/day.
a Effects related to fetal or perinatal exposure.
The available human exposure studies clearly shows the perturbation of
reproductive function by BPA (Li et al., 2010a; Meeker and Ferguson, 2012)
and prenatal BPA exposure to increased hyperactivity and aggression in
2 year-old girls (Braun et al., 2009, 2011b). Other reports link exposure
to non-reproductive effects such as coronary heart disease, asthma, and
diabetes. Transgenerational and delayed physiological effects add an
additional level of complexity to the problem. Perinatal exposure to BPA
can result in adverse effects that manifest much later in life. Amniotic fluid
analysis during the second trimester can detect human fetal exposure to
low doses of BPA (0.31-0.43 ng/ml in 20 specimens) (Edlow et al., 2012).
Also, at least in mammalian animal models, exposure can even result in
reproductive effects in offspring of the F3 generation (Manikkam et al.,
2013; Susiarjo et al., 2007), a possibility not taken into account in
conventional assessment of safe dosages.
Potential exposure to BPA from PC products can start at conception and
continue through fetal stages (via maternal exposure) to infant and into the
childhood years. Wong et al. (2005) estimated the worst-case dietary intake
of BPA by newborn infants to be 24 µg/kg body weight/day, dropping to 15
 
Search WWH ::




Custom Search