Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4.8 Levels of Common Additives Used in Common Plastics
Additive
Percentage
by weight of
resin
typically
used
Chemical nature Examples of use
Plasticizers
10-70%
Phthalates and
chlorinated
paraffins
Plasticized PVC
products
Flame
retardants [F]
12-18%
Brominated or
chlorinated
compounds
Electronic
equipment casing,
insulating foam
UV stabilizer
antioxidants
0.05-3
Hindered amines,
alkylphenols,
metal compounds
Plastics used
outdoors such as
greenhouse films or
stadium furniture
Heat stabilizer 0.05-3
Cadmium and lead
compounds
Compounds
intended for
extrusion or
molding
Slip agents 0.1-3
Lubricants 0.1-3
Antistatics 0.1-1
Curing agent 0.1-2
Foaming agent —
Biocides
0.001-1
Soluble dye
0.25-5
Organic
pigments
0.001-2.5
Inorganic
pigment
0.01-10
Zinc sulfide, zinc
oxide, iron oxide,
titanium dioxide
 
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