Environmental Engineering Reference
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b. Promote and support subsidies and incentives to encourage recovery of
discarded plastics in the environment.
c. Adapt a whole-environment approach to waste management where the
selected options do not shift the pollution burden from one medium to
another less visible one or to a different environmental compartment.
d. Research emerging and novel approaches to recycling and waste
management that are particularly well suited for plastics.
Figure 4.4 A generalized flow diagram of the plastics industry showing
the three phases of activity.
Source: Modified from Lithner (2011).
4.2.1 From Resin to Products
Production of a plastic product (the first of these phases) involves four
separate segments of the polymer industry: (1) the extraction of raw
 
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