Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
8
Aircraft tires as well as those for off-road vehicles are still made of 100%
naturalrubberbecauseofthehighheatandabrasiontheyneedtoendure.
Automotive tires are made of synthetic as well as natural rubber.
9
Though Tg is usually referred to as the “glass transition temperature,” no
thermodynamic transition such as melting occurs at this temperature.
10
Phenol-formaldehyde resin, the first all-synthetic plastic (trade name
Bakelite) made in 1907, was made via a polycondensation reaction.
11
In February 2012, the USEPA issued a final rule to update emissions
limits for air toxics from PVC production, requiring reduced emissions of
harmful toxic air emissions. This rule sets maximum achievable control
technology standards for major sources and generally available control
technology.
12
In March 2012, a PVC plant in Geismar, LA, exploded releasing 2500
lbs of HCl, 632 lbs of chlorine, and 239 lbs of VC monomer into the air.
In 2004, another PVC plant in Illiopolis, IL, also exploded (four workers
were killed). Explosions have been reported in plants in Siberia, Russia
(2007), and Northern China (2010), as well.
13
In a 1993 study, SRI International estimated the global energy cost of
about 3000 kW-h/ton of chlorine produced.
