Territory and Power - Empty Hands, Open Arms - page 222

note 2: The Harts recently announced this monkey. In an interview on NPR, John Hart states,
“As we talked to the local hunters . . . we realized that this animal was well known to the loc-
als.” This statement supports Michael's claim that CREF and ACOPRIK were well aware of the
monkey's presence. Scott Neuman, “Monkey, New to Science, Found in Central Africa,” NPR,
September 13, 2012, http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/09/13/161097374/monkey-new-
to-science-found-in-central-africa . See also Becky Crew, “Lesula: New Species of African Mon-
key Discovered,” Scientific American , September 15, 2012, http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/
running-ponies/2012/09/15/new-species-of-african-monkey-discovered/ .
215 Was it scientific jealousy Sally, Michael, André, and Benoît Kisuke all believe that the Harts
saw that they had no justification for the funding they had taken; they should have known that a
local NGO was already working in the area, and that the ICCN was informed of the work going on
there before the Harts began their own project. Benoît states that the Harts' frustration at having
someone else make a scientific discovery “was translated by a reaction of disdain towards those
who were able to do something before them, who weren't scientists.” (Benoît is referring to Sally
and Michael here, given that the CREF researchers and ICCN staff are scientists.)
215 Michael believed they wanted Another line of attack, which I have heard mentioned in Kinshasa
by people who did not wish to go on the record, but who claimed that the argument originated with
the Harts, was that Sankuru should not have been made a protected area because there was still the
hunting of bonobos, elephants, and okapi there. The people said that it shouldn't have been made
a reserve until that hunting stopped. However, where would the funding to stop the hunting come
from? There has been hunting in many of the DRC's national parks, including Salonga—indeed, in
national parks across Africa. A realistic evaluation of the socioeconomic situation in Sankuru and
most of the Congo would suggest that in the creation of a reserve, laws are set in place that allow
NGOs and the government to procure funding to protect the species and reeducate the people. In
an interview with Lilly Ajarova, executive director of the Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary
and Wildlife Conservation Trust in Uganda, I asked her what the most important aspect of conser-
vation is, and she replied that it is creating laws that can be enforced, that give conservationists a
concrete basis for their programs.
215 Terese Hart's blog Hart, “After Two Years in the Forests of Central Congo,” Searching for
Bonobo in Congo, August 25, 2009, http://www.bonoboincongo.com/2009/08/25/after-two-years-
in-the-forests-of-central-congo/ .
216 Even the title of Grant application to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service's Great Ape Conservation
Fund for project entitled “A New Conservation Landscape for Bonobo: Discovery and Conserva-
tion of the Tshuapa-Lomami-Lualaba Landscape, Democratic Republic of Congo,” dated July 20,
2007.
216 In Primate Conservation Biology Katrina Eadie Brandon and Michael Wells, “Planning for
People and Parks: Design Dilemmas,” World Development 20 no. 4 (April 1992): 557-70; Chris-
topher B. Barrett and Peter Arcese, “Are Integrated Conservation-Development Projects (ICDPs)
Sustainable? On the Conservation of Large Mammals in Sub-Saharan Africa,” World Development
23 no. 7 (July 1995): 1073-84; Clark C. Gibson and Stuart A. Marks, “Transforming Rural Hunters
into Conservationists: An Assessment of Community-Based Wildlife Management Programs in
Africa,” World Development 23 no. 6 (June 1995), 941-57; all referenced in Cowlishaw and Dun-
bar, Primate Conservation Biology , 343-44.
216 The public nature of the Sankuru This assessment is based on Sally, Michael, and André's de-
scription. They believe that the conflict with the Harts led to difficulty in finding funding. Michael
states: “While the Harts led an effective campaign to indicate to the major donors that there were
no bonobos in Sankuru, that it was also weak in overall biodiversity—and this significantly con-
tributed to Sankuru being cut off from great ape conservation funding—their own survey reports