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that André was from the village of Lumumba, from the same bloodline, people respected him. The
father's bloodline mattered and you were always home if you came from that region.”
210
These populations are expected
Peterson and Ammann,
Eating Apes
, 135.
210
or, as Dale Peterson writes
Ibid., 116.
210
In 2000, the bushmeat trade
Miles, Caldecott, and Nellemann, “Challenges to Great Ape Sur-
vival,” in Caldecott and Miles,
World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation
, 226.
210
Pregnancies produce only one
Lacambra et al., “Bonobo (Pan
paniscus)
,” in Caldecott and
Miles,
World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation
, 88.
210
Parents must invest a great deal
Peterson and Ammann,
Eating Apes
, 136.
210
Like humans, bonobos develop
In
Primate Conservation Biology
, Cowlishaw and Dunbar
write: “Brain tissue is one of the most energetically expensive tissues in the body (in humans it
consumes eight to ten times as much energy as would be expected based on its mass alone: Aiello
and Wheeler 1995). . . . This finding suggests that one of the reasons large-brained species have
slow growth rates is that neural tissue is laid down at a fixed rate: developing a large brain simply
takes longer.” [32-33, referencing Leslie C. Aiello and Peter Wheeler, “The Expensive-Tissue Hy-
pothesis: The Brain and the Digestive System in Human and Primate Evolution,”
Current Anthro-
pology
36 no. 2 (April 1995): 199-221.]
210
In the typical life span
Lacambra et al., “Bonobo (Pan
paniscus)
,” in Caldecott and Myles,
World Atlas of Great Apes and Their Conservation
, 88.
210
He knew the classic scenario
Peterson and Ammann,
Eating Apes
, 118.
210
The villagers said they
In developing a community model for the Sankuru Nature Reserve, BCI
looked to the Tayna Gorilla Project in the east of the country, which, though only 270 square miles,
was the first community-based reserve in the Congo to be legally designated as a new form of pro-
tected area:
réserve naturelle
. The World Conservation Union has different designations for the
various types of protected areas, and the Congo adapted their own names for one of those categor-
ies. This reserve was to be multi-zoned and managed by the locals for sustainable development
of the forest. There were also integral zones where there was no hunting or use of the forest's re-
sources.
211
Instead, she asks rhetorically
Terese Hart, “Something Went Wrong in the Middle of Congo,”
Searching for Bonobo in Congo, July 29, 2008,
http://www.bonoboincongo.com/2008/07/29/
something-went-wrong-in-the-middle-of-congo/
. The full text of this part of the blog reads:
But what did ACOPRIK do?
• Did they steal chickens or goats from someone in the village? NO
• Did they make off with village women? NO
It was something more subtle . . .
something that I had a lot of trouble understanding. This is
what the villagers said:
• ACOPRIK had been well received by the village on several visits between 2005 and
2007.
• ACOPRIK came to get the Djonga chiefs to sign documents saying they would not hunt
bonobo or okapi.
• ACOPRIK deceived Djonga by using these signatures on a different document in distant
Kinshasa, with the result that
• ACOPRIK “sold” their own Djonga forest and officially lost their traditional rights.
• Word of this fundamental deception swept like wildfire over radio and word of mouth
from the capital of Kinshasa.
She goes on to state that though André did “push through a decree creating the Sankuru Reserve,”
it didn't take away the villagers' rights. She explains that “limits are drawn on a map but there are
in fact no restrictions inside the Sankuru Reserve at all: not on hunting, fishing, farming nor even
