Notes - Empty Hands, Open Arms - page 205

Africa's Rhinos Losing Battle to Poachers,” Reuters, April 11, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/art-
icle/2013/04/11/us-safrica-rhinos-idUSBRE93A0WP20130411 .
152 And as a result Guy Cowlishaw and Robin Dunbar write, “Populations have less genetic flex-
ibility with which to respond to changes in environmental conditions, thus making extinction be-
cause of failure to cope more likely. Second, it increases the risk of inbreeding depression: the
phenotypic expression of deleterious recessive genes. As population size gets smaller, the impact
of such recessives may become disproportionately severe.” Primate Conservation Biology , 166.
152 Furthermore, as the habitat Cowlishaw and Dunbar, Primate Conservation Biology , 208.
153 As BCI's partner, Albert BCI advisor John Scherlis states in an interview: “It is better for the
ostensible and actual goal not to hire the best and the brightest out of local organizations into the
international organizations, but to facilitate their own local efforts, if that is what they want. Other-
wise, you're creating a brain drain and removing precisely the sort of people who are best adapted
and most needed. The point is not to deny or limit options or opportunities, but to facilitate or cre-
ate them.”
155 National Geographic Society-funded photographer Jeffry Oonk's personal website, ht-
tp://www.jeffryoonk.com/Photo_Safari_Guide/Photo_Collection_Great_Apes_1.html .
155 Whenever he came into contact Corrugated roofs are seen as a sign of status and affluence in
the Congo, so people often want them despite the high cost of getting them into rural areas and the
natural and renewable materials readily available to build roofs.
157 “Nous sommes arriérés” Alden Almquist explained to me that the people in Kokolopori often re-
ferred to themselves as des gens enclos , “people closed in,” or des gens inutiles , “useless people.”
159 Albert was already overloaded “New Conservation Groups Formed at World Wilderness Con-
gress,” Environment News Service , October 10, 2005, http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/oct2005/
2005-10-10-06.asp .
160 During the war The African cassava mosaic virus is transmitted by whiteflies and is one of the
most economically devastating problems in the Central Africa, thought to cause losses of between
1.9 and 2.7 billion USD annually. B. L. Patil and C. M. Fauquet, “Cassava Mosaic Geminiviruses:
Actual Knowledge and Perspectives,” Molecular Plant Pathology 10 no. 5 (September 2009):
685-701.
BCI formed a relationship with Robert Goodman, executive dean of agriculture and natural re-
sources at Rutgers University, a microbial ecologist who did key early work on the African cassava
mosaic virus.
160 The community's productivity In Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation
Strategies Are Failing in West Africa , John Oates states that “the emphasis on the close relation-
ship between economic development and conservation has led to a view of wildlife conservation as
predominantly an exercise in materialism, at local, national, and international levels; meanwhile,
the ethical and aesthetic principles of conservation that strongly guided the founders of the World
Wildlife Fund have been reduced to secondary considerations.” Oates, Myth and Reality in the
Rain Forest , xii-xiii.
161 The way they spoke Peter Scott, Animals in Africa (New York: Clarkson Potter, 1962), quoted
in Oates, Myth and reality in the Rain Forest , 41.
Human Cultures and Cultured Animals
163 In Rwanda and Uganda Jessica Aldred, “Mountain Gorilla Numbers Rise by 10%,” Guardian ,
November 13, 2012, http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2012/nov/13/mountain-gorilla-
population-rises .
165 One of BCI's cornerstones Information Exchange is a BCI variation on a standard methodology
called Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). Michael, Mwanza, and Albert also participated in de-