Challenges for the Next Generation of Seismic Codes - Earthquake Engineering for Structural Design - page 481

Thrust
Northridge
Strike-slip
Loma Prieta
Erzincan
Landers
Kobe
UBC 97-S D
V= 0.15W (q=6.7)
(b)
Figure 10.4 Ductility demands of steel frame for near-source ground motions:
(a) Moderate ductility frame; (b) High ductility frame (after Alavi and Krawinkler,
2001)
10.5.2 Response of Structures to Artificially Generated Pulse Input
The generation of artificially generated pulse input is presented in Section 7.5.3.
Various polygonal types of pulses are investigated by Alavi and Krawinkler
(2001), from the most basic ones being denoted as P1, half pulse, P2, full pulse and
P3, multiple pulse, in order to evaluate the response of structures to pulse loadings,
which represent the near-source ground motions. In all these cases, the pulse period
T p is defined as the duration of a full velocity cycle. Other pulse types with
different configurations have also been studied (triangular and continuous curves),
but it was found that their response characteristics do not differ very much from
those of the three basic pulses.
In order to establish the artificially generated pulse input, three parameters need
to be evaluated: pulse type (P1, P2 or P3), pulse period T p (seconds) and pulse
intensity (peak of velocity). Typical examples are presented in Figure 10.5 for the
Northridge and Kobe earthquakes. The obtained results are: