Earthquakes and Ground Motions - Earthquake Engineering for Structural Design - page 267

slope of 23 degrees. This rupture surface is close to the Elysian fault, which is
assumed to have produced the 1994 Northridge earthquake. Figure 7.44 shows the
evolution of horizontal velocity at the site surface and Figure 7.45 presents the
evolution of vertical velocity. The results of the numerical simulation of the
rupture evolution along the rupture surface (during 6 seconds) and the influence of
this rupture on ground motions are presented in Figure 7.46. One can see that, even
if the fault is blind, at the end of ground motions some residual ground
deformations remain at the affected surface. The duration of ground motions was
about 22 seconds.
Figure 7.44 Blind thrust fault: Evolution of horizontal velocity at surface
(after Aagaard, 2000)