Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Légende :
Localités
Localisa
tion des Placettes
Localisation des Plantations
Localisation de la pépinière
Fig. 1
Map showing the location of mangrove assessment sites (PAZH 2001)
vegetation. Physiognomy and the recovery of each of these
courses depend on the floristic composition of plant com-
munities that are themselves based on spatiotemporal vari-
ations of environmental and climatic conditions. The
vegetation of dry lands is less diversified. These are the
rainforest's semi-deciduous tree and shrub savannah. Nat-
ural formations have undergone or are under increasing
pressure and have mostly been replaced by various farm-
lands and plantations, and the remainder is in a state of
more or less advanced degradation. The specificity of this
area is that it consists of a natural habitat dominated by
mangroves species especially R. racemosa and A. germin-
ans. The region houses exceptionally high biodiversity with
rich wetland flora of 364 species in 100 families of which
the distributed and most represented are Poaceae (34 spe-
cies), Rubiaceae (29 species), Cyperaceae (28 species),
Fabaceae (20 species), Euphorbiaceae (16 species), Mora-
ceae (14 species), and Apocynaceae (11 species). Mangrove
species include R. racemosa, A. germinans, Conocarpus
erectus and Laguncularia racemosa, and Acrostichum
aureum (mangrove fern); associate mangrove species fre-
quently encountered are as follows: Dalbergia ecastaphyl-
lum,
herbaceous ones such as P. vaginatum, Sesuvium portul-
acastrum, Philoxerus vermicularis, and more or less Fim-
bristylis ferruginea, Crotalaria retusa, Hibiscus tiliaceus,
Annona senegalensis, Chrysobalanus orbicularis, Elaeis
guineensis, and Cocos nucifera. The wetland system pro-
vides not only migration corridors for marine and inland
species, but also a wintering habitat for birds including terns
and other Palearctic species. Protected species including
four species of marine turtles frequent the coast between
September and March: olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea),
leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), green turtles (Chelo-
niamydas), and hawksbill (Eretmochelys ecosystem). Fish
species are mostly Cichlides consisting of 7 species domi-
nated by Sarotherodon melanotheron and Tilapia guineen-
sis. Over 43 species of pelagic species occur in 14 families
especially the mostly exploited Carcharinidae, Sphyrnidae,
Pristidae, Ginglimo stomatidae, Clupeidae, and Carangidae
et Scombridae. Demersale species consisting of 51 species
was divided into 24 families the most importance ones
include: Dasyatidae, Mobulidae, Zanobatidae, Rajidae,
Rhinobatidae, Rhinopteridae, Triakidae, Torpedinidae,
Ariidae, Haemulidae, Polynemidae, Serranidae, Sciaenidae,
Sparidae,
Drepanocarpus
lunatus,
Phoenix
reclinata,
more
and
Lutjanidaeet
Cynoglossidae.
Some
large
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