Morphological Characteristics of the Bonny and Cross River (Calabar) Estuaries in Nigeria: Implications for Navigation and Environmental Hazards - The Land/Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone of West and Central Africa - page 91

Fig. 6 ADCP current data
showing bathymetric
configuration and velocity along
a profile line in the Calabar
estuary (Source Field survey)

2

1

0

-1

-2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1300m

Mid Depth. Bin: 6.0 - 9.0m

6

4

2

0

-2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1300m

Near Bottom. Bin: 10 - 13m

2

1

0

-1

-2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1300m

currents, sandbars, shoals, bank and shoreline erosion, as
discussed below.

Navigational and Environmental Hazards

Both the Bonny and the Cross River estuaries serve as
navigational and socio-economic routes to inland ports
(Port Harcourt, Onne, Calabar, Bonny and Okrika) and
hence are important for the socio-economic activities in
Nigeria. However, these estuaries are plagued with navi-
gational and environmental problems such as fast water

Water Currents

Near the mouth of the estuary, the interplay of tidal currents
and waves presents navigational hazards that have caused
several small boats to capsize and even caused big vessels