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R G
Y B Brain
V W
v w
?
r g
y b
Receptor
A
A
Rod
Cone (P 1 )
400
500
600
700
nm
Fig. 5.1 A simplified illustration of G. E. Müller's duplicity theory
representing only the rod and the P 1 cone systems. The P 1 cone absorbs light
from the extreme long-wave end of the spectrum to about 475 nm, while the
rod receptor contains rhodopsin and absorbs maximally at about 510 nm. 'A'
represents the 'Ausgangsmaterial'. (v-w), (r-g) and (y-b) represent opponent
processes in the outer segment of the receptors, while (V-W), (R-G) and (Y-B)
represent opponent processes in the 'see-substance' (see text).
spectrum to about 475 nm), P2 (sensitive between 650 nm and 415 nm)
and P3 (sensitive from about 540 nm to the extreme short-wave end
of the visual spectrum) involve both a white-black and four pairs of
chromatic opponent systems.
5.2.5 A c t i v a t i of n of f of p p of n e n t p r of c e s s e s
by P1, P2 and P3
In harmony with Hering's colour theory, R-G, Y-B and W-V of Fig. 5.1
represent so-called 'see-substances' where red-green (R-G), yellow-blue
 
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