Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
2
The Newton tradition
2.1 Newton's universal colour theory
One major root of the duplicity theory as formulated by Schultze,
von Kries and G. E. Müller is represented by the Newton tradition.
Within this line of research a rudimentary understanding of the
cone mechanisms developed, ending up with the formulation of the
famous Young-Helmholtz trichromatic colour theory (Helmholtz,
1867
). This theory profoundly influenced Schultze, von Kries and
G. E. Müller in their attempt to construct their theories. In fact,
the theory forms an integrated part of the duplicity theory and its
development may therefore be seen to represent the starting point of
the development of the duplicity theory.
Certainly, the development of the trichromatic theory was
in many ways initiated by Newton's ingenious experiments and
theories on light and colour. In fact, his contribution deserves to
be ranked as
the first major paradigm shift within vision research
in modern times
. Surprisingly, however, Newton's revolutionary
ideas about light and colour are, today, not generally well known.
In the following, therefore, we present his theories in some
detail.
Newton's theories were first published 19 February 1672 as a
letter in
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London
(
1671
/1672). His most important ideas about light and colour are
stated below in his own words. They are given in his propositions
1, 2, 3, 7 and 13 (see also Cohen,
1978
, pp. 53-57).
1. As the Rays of light differ in degrees of Refrangibility, so they also
differ in their disposition to exhibit this or that particular colour.
Colours are not
Qualifications of Light
, derived from Refractions,
