Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
rot, Stemphylium
Te, st
leaf spots
debris in late
VPD for
10-25°C,
from
Alternaria
winter
8
, conidia
ascospores
8
,
porri
1,2,3
, often
vesicarium
,
elongating to
more infection
ascospore-forming
spindle-shaped
from debris in
rainfall and
with longer
occurs with the
wetness
1
stage is
Pleospora
patches with
spring and
15-32°C for
latter as a disease
allii
dark brown or
from infected
conidia
and higher
complex, causes
black centres
plants as
temp. (up to
collapse of flower
where conidia
epidemic
20°C), tissue
stalks
develops
8
form
damage by
other
pathogens
Smut,
Urocystis
O, s, l, j, c
Thickened areas
Spores in soil,
Infected as
Seed treatment
Plant sets or
Infects cotyledons
cepulae or
several mm
infected sets
cotyledon or
with thiram,
seedlings as
and young
U. colchici
Te
long on young
or transplants
young leaves
captan, ferbam
these cannot
leaves as they
(see Plates 2
leaves, forming
penetrate soil,
or folpet
be infected,
penetrate soil,
and 7C)
black, powdery
13-22°C
sow when
hence infection
spore masses,
optimum,
temperatures
period is short,
twisted leaves
inhibited at
favour rapid
spores can live
> 29°C
seedling
> 25 years in soil
emergence (less
time for infection)
C, chives; g, garlic; gh, great-headed garlic; j, Japanese bunching onion; l, leek; o, onion; r, rakkyo; s, shallot; te, temperate; st, subtropical; tr, tropical.
a
Ordered alphabetically by pathogen name.
b
The more important diseases and pathogens.
Main sources: Schwartz and Mohan (2008), Maude (1990a, 2006), Snowdon (1991) and Sherf and MacNáb (1986); additional references indicated as superscript numbers in the table:
1
Suheri and Price (2000a);
2
Suheri and Price (2000b);
3
Suheri and Price (2000c);
4
Kurt
et al
. (2004);
5
Mohan and Molenaar (2005);
6
Smilde
et al
, (1996);
7
Yamashita
et al
. (2005);
8
Prados-Ligero
et al
. (2003).
