Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
3. Prepare models for expressing requirements on indoor air quality,
thermal comfort in winter and when appropriate in summer, visual
comfort and so on.
4. Develop transparent systems to determine necessary input data for
the calculations, including default values on internal gains.
5. Provide transparent information regarding output data (reference
values, benchmarks etc.)
6. Define comparable energy-related key values (kWh/m
2
, kWh per
person, kWh per apartment, kWh per produced unit etc.) The areas/
volumes need to be defined.
7. Develop a method to translate net energy used in the building to
primary energy and CO
2
emissions.
8. Develop a common procedure for an energy performance certificate.
9. Develop and compile relevant standards applicable for each indi-
vidual building category.
An example of the energy efficiency indication in buildings is highlighted
in ISO 23045 as shown in Figure 7.5 [9].
Passive solar heating;
passive cooling;
natural ventilation;
daylight
Renewable
energy (RE)
8
5
RE
contribution
in primary
or CO
2
terms
Trans-
form-
ation
1
2
3
7
CO
2
emissions
4
System
part
Bui
l
ding par
t
Primary
energy
Elec
t
ric
i
ty for other uses
System
losses
Interna
l
gains
Primary
or CO
2
savings
for generated
energy
Trans-
form-
ation
Key to symbols
Electricity
6
Generated
energy
9
Gas, oil, coal, biomass etc.
Heat, cold
FIGURE 7.5
Global energy scheme (ISO 23045_2009). (From ISO publications ISO 23045_2009, January
20 09.)
