Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
5.2.1.3.1 Bottom-Up
There are clear differences between what could be called the traditional
approach to strategic planning and the emerging approach.
1. Before: product predominance; now: process predominance
2. Before: sector specific; now: integrated
3. Before: normative; now: strategic
4. Before: goal oriented; now: cost-benefit oriented
5. Before: urban-offer oriented; now: urban-demand oriented
6. Before: subject to administrative limitations; now: supersedes admin-
istrative limitations and enters in metropolitan areas
7. Before: open participation; now: focused participation
Of course, in 2006, there was a clear evolution that attempted to adapt to
changes, political sensitivities and even trends. In any case, this is a line of
thought and action that takes full advantage of the experience of projects
that have already been implemented.
5.2.1.3.2 Top-Down
Given that:
1. The influence of each agent in the global process under consider-
ation for implementation is yet to be determined.
2. There are no generally accepted criteria when creating instruments
for measuring progress or regression on the path toward achieving
main goals.
3. Cooperation processes among different agents within the city to
carry out strategic planning are usually undertaken using a 'frame-
work' organisational structure that highlights differences.
4. Both politics and outside events affect a large city.
This line of research seeks to further the design of a model that will deter-
mine the factors related to the success of strategic planning processes in
large cities and metropolitan areas. It should be pointed out that a theory
explaining SUP in metropolitan areas and/or regions would involve further-
ing the consolidation of social design.
Since 2008, a national project to prepare strategic urban plans for cities
has been launched in Egypt following the issuing of a new building law
that mandated a strategic urban plan for each urban agglomeration. This
project is administered by the General Organization of Physical Planning
(GOPP). In this context, the project for SUP for small cities, funded by the
UN-Habitat, aims to improve performance and accountability in planning,
