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CLASSIFICATION AND
APPROACHES
The realistic simulation (in-sim). There is
an intermediate situation between artificial and
ecological environment: the simulation. This
configuration can only be used when it is possible
to create a credible simulation of the context. The
users tasks can be free, prescribed, or based on
realistic scenarios, but the duration of theses tasks
must be compatible with the use of a simulator.
This configuration can be vew as a resctriction of
the in-vivo configuration where the environment
is partially controlled. This configuration was
explored in two papers under different names.
Kjeldskov et al. name it “in-sitro” (Kjeldskov &
Skov, 2007) and Hertzum names it “workshop”
(Hertzum, 1999).
We name this configuration “in-simu”, which
is consistent with our terminology. Note that
Kjeldskov et al. consider it as an intermediary
configuration between in-vitro and in-situ. As a
consequence, they name it “in-sitro” (Kjeldskov
& Skov, 2007). We think that this denomination
is not explicit. Moreover, our classification is dif-
ferent. That is why we chose the term “in-simu”.
Classification. Considering the four configura-
tions, the task (prescribed, scenario based or
free) and the context (artificial, simulated or real)
emerge as the two main orthogonal dimensions of
the classification. To our point of view, the realism
of the device, and the presence of observers and
observation devices are secondary dimensions.
Indeed, the realism of the device is a significant
element only when coupled with the realism of the
context. In the same way, the presence of observers
is not desirable when the context is real, or when
the users can perform tasks without constraints.
We thus deduce theoretically nine possible situa-
tions (figure 4). We group them according to the
four previously defined configurations: in-vitro,
in-simu, in-situ and in-vivo. Overall, the realism
of the context determines the configuration. If the
context is real, the in-vivo configuration differs
from configuration in-situ by the constraints on
tasks.
Figure 4. Classification of configurations according to the tasks and context
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