Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
radiation or when working in the sun during hot
weather. Elevation of ambient temperature affects
male reproductive functions deleteriously. Such
phenomenon leads to testicular degeneration and
reduces percentages of normal and fertile sper-
matozoa in the ejaculate of males. The ability of
the male to mate and fertilise is also affected.
Thermal stress adversely affects the conceptus
and dams subsequent postpartum performance
traits, as well as different stages of gestation.
Thermal stress alleviation by cooling the cows
and buffaloes may be a profitable and effective
way to improve both milk production and repro-
duction during the summer months. Even gener-
ally milder climates experience heat stress or heat
waves that dramatically reduce fertility. Dry cows
are also susceptible to heat stress and should be
provided cooling to improve subsequent fertility
after calving. Managemental strategies to reduce
negative effects of heat stress on fertility by
artificial cooling, ration adjustments and repro-
ductive protocol changes will improve efficiency
and pro fi tability.
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