Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Fig. 1
Study area location map
Study Area
The study area covers an extent of about 1,136.3 km
2
extending in the revenue man-
dals such as Mudigubba, Kadiri and Nallamada (Fig.
1
) in the southeastern part of
Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh and lies between east longitudes from 77°30′
to 78°15′ and north latitudes from 14°0′ to 14°30′ covering in the Survey of India
Toposheet Nos. 57 F/14, F/15, J/3 and J/4. The geological map of the study area is
shown in Fig.
2
. The major geomorphic units are denudational hills, dissected pedi-
monts, pediplain and alluvium. Geologically, it is underlain mainly by Peninsular
gneisses of Archean age comprising pink granites, schists and composite gneisses
(equivalents of the Dharwars), intruded by a few pegmatite dykes, numerous doler-
ite dykes and volcanic flows. It experiences a semiarid climate, with a moisture
index of 33.7 % and monthly mean temperatures of a low of 15 °C in January and
high of 39 °C in May. The normal rainfall in the district is 553 mm that is the least,
when compared to that in the other districts of Andhra Pradesh.
Hydrogeology
The district is underlain by granite gneisses and schists of Archaean age. The north-
eastern part of the district is covered by consolidated sedimentary formation of
Cuddapah Super Group belonging to upper Precambrian to lower Paleozoic Age. River
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