Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals from Bhalaswa Landfill, New Delhi, India - Management of Natural Resources in a Changing Environment - page 211

( ) × (

)

−
62210

4

Incremental lifetime risk of cancer CDIPF =×= . × 0 28 .

)

(

= 1 742 10 4 . ×

−

lead acetate

( ) (

)

− 4

Incremental lifetime risk of cancer = 62210 . × × 0 038 .

)

(

lead sub-acetate
The oral potency factor that has been used is based on a study in California
which was 2.8 × 10 −1 (milligram per kilogram per day) for lead acetate and 3.8 × 10 −2
(milligram per kilogram per day) for lead sub acetate (OEHHA 1992 ). Therefore
from a cancer risk standpoint, the risk over this period of exposure is greater than
acceptable goal of 10 −6 . Hence the people living in the vicinity are at cancer risk
from lead exposure.

= 2 364 . × 10 −

Non-cancer Risk

Non-cancer risk as discussed in previous section is represented in terms of Hazard
Quotient (HQ).

Average

( )

Daily Dose ADD
ReferenceDoseRfD

− 1

) = 0. 53

mgL
mgL

HazardQuotient = = 53 .

(

− 1

001 .

Since the hazard quotient is greater than 1, the water is unfit for drinking and poses
high risk of getting infection from its consumption. HQ does not depend on the time
period of exposure as evident from the equation above. The area around the landfill
is divided into different zones (Fig. 2 ) based on the mean distance from the landfill,

Fig. 2 Riskzonesonbasisofriskobtained