Biogas Upgrading and Bottling Technology for Vehicular and Cooking Applications - Management of Natural Resources in a Changing Environment - page 146

Fig. 11 Biogas plant ( Left ) and Upgradation plant at Abohar ( Right )

upgrading technology used is water scrubbing. Cylinder cascade is used for com-
pressed biogas fi lling and stored at 15 MPa. The plant is producing purifi ed biogas
with methane composition of around 95 %. The purifi ed gas is fi lled in cylinder
cascades using a high pressure compressor and is being sold to meet the cooking
demand of the hotel industry nearby (Fig. 11 ).

600 m 3 Tohana, Haryana—Bottled Biogas Used
as a Commercial Cooking Fuel

The biogas fertilizer plant at Tohana, Haryana is owned by Shashi Energies. They
procure 14 t/day cattle dung from the nearby villages and cattle farms. This dung is
mixed with digester slurry and fed into a 600 m 3 /day CSTR type biogas digester. The
raw biogas from the digester is stored in a balloon of 200 m 3 . The raw biogas is then
fed into the low pressure water scrubbing tower operated at 0.8 bar. The capacity of
the water scrubbing tower is 50 m 3 /h. Upgraded biogas is compressed using a three-
stage high pressure compressor and fi lled and stored in cascade of CNG cylinders.
These cylinders are sold and used to replace commercial LPG cylinders in nearby
hotels and restaurants. The biogas fertilizer plant is shown in Figs. 12 and 13 .

At present in India there are no norms for using upgraded biogas in vehicles.
There are strict regulations and legal authorisations required for dispensing biogas
in vehicles. Also special permissions are required for fi lling biogas in CNG cylin-
ders from legal authorities like CPCB, PESO etc.