Chemistry Reference
In-Depth Information
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
HN
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
O
O
O
OC
NH
2
O
O
OH
OH
Degradable Points
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
O
O
OC
OC
OC
O
O
O
O
CO
OC
OC
O
O
H
2
N
NH
2
NH
2
OH
HO
Degradable Points
O
O
O
O
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
OC
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
NH
2
Fig. 13 Structure of amino-functionalized PAA NPs and its scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
image (sixe: 28-30 nm in diameter)
CORE CONSTITUENT
MATERIAL
TARGETING
MOIETY
P
P
TARGETING
MOIETY
Image
Image: PET, OPTICAL
or MR imaging agents
Image
Image
Image
TARGETING
MOIETY
P
TARGETING
MOIETY
P
CATIONIC OR
ANIONIC GROUPS
Fig. 14 A simple representation of multifunctional, targeted PAA nanoparticle for cancer imag-
ing and photodynamic therapy (PDT). P
ΒΌ
Photosensitizer
oxide (MRI), (3) F3-peptide (which specifically binds to nucleolin, a receptor
highly expressed on many cancers), and (4) PEG (for improved lifetime during
circulation) [
77
]. In vitro analysis of singlet oxygen production, targeting efficiency
of nucleolin cell surface receptor, and conferral of phototoxicity revealed that the
developed nanoparticles were indeed bound, internalized, transported, and concen-
trated within the tumor cell nuclei which lead to loss of cell viability upon
photoactivation. In vivo studies using 9 L glioma rat model showed outstanding
R
2
relaxivity in tumor, and using the developed nanoparticle as PS, there was a
significantly increased survival time compared to the use of nontargeted Photofrin
nanoparticle or Photofrin alone.
To investigate the tumor avidity of PAA-based NPs, the amino-functionalized
PAA NPs (nonfluorescent) were conjugated with a CD containing a carboxylic acid
(
COOH) group by following the standard peptide chemistry (Patel and Pandey,
