The US Biological Weapons Program - Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945 - page 20

A crucial need for the biological warfare program was a BW production
plant. Between late 1950 and mid-June 1954, the X-201 Plant was built
in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. According to Miller, “This plant tested production
processes, produced limited quantities of agents and filled munitions, and
developed data for storing, handling, and performing surveillance of bio-
logical weapons.” 60 Although it was normally on operational standby, it
“could go into full scale production in 72 hours.” 61 It had a secure loca-
tion and extensive buildings.
After 1949 the Dugway Proving Ground became the major testing site
for the CmlC. Plum Island in Long Island Sound became the center for
the investigation and production of antianimal agents banned from the
continental US. 62 The fifth major biological warfare facility, the Chemical
Corps School, Army Chemical Center, was a center for BW training and
indoctrination. 63

Research and Development

The importance of BW R&D was stressed in a 1948 report of the Commit-
tee on Biological Warfare to the Research and Development Board of the

Ft. Detrick
(Maryland)

Plum Island
(New York)

Edgewood
Arsenal
(Maryland)

Dugway
(Utah)

Pine Bluff
(Arkansas)

Ft. McClellan
(Alabama)

Figure 2.1 Major sites involved in the US BW program.