The South African Biological Weapons Program - Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945 - page 204

But it was not only the US which vetoed an arms embargo and sanctions
against South Africa called for by other African nations; the UK and
France did, too.
In 1975 South Africa announced that it had a pilot plant for uranium
enrichment at Pelindaba. 59 Ninety-seven pounds of enriched uranium—
enough to make seven atomic bombs—were shipped to the plant by the
US Nuclear Corporation of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to assist it. 60 Mean-
while the Organization of African Unity denounced the US, UK, and
French vetoes of a UN Security Council resolution calling for a manda-
tory arms embargo against South Africa. 61
By mid-July 1975 South Africa was arming two opposition groups in
Angola—the FNLA (Front National de Libération de l'Angola; National
Front for the Liberation of Angola) and UNITA (Uniao Nacional para a
Independencia Total de Angola; National Union for the Total Indepen-
dence of Angola)—to fight against the Soviet-backed government forces
of the MPLA (Movimento Popular de Libertaçao de Angola; Popular
Movement for Angolan Liberation). The US provided both groups with
sizable donations. 62 In October 1975 Cuban troops arrived in Angola, So-
viet shipments to the MPLA increased, and South Africa sent troops to
support UNITA and the FNLA. 63 In December the US began a diplomatic
campaign against countries allowing Soviet use of their airspace and facil-
ities for airlifts to Angola. 64 In January 1976 the US State Department
identified the Soviet incursion into Angola as a primary reason for US
covert military intervention. 65 In the same month, however, Tanzanian
president Julius Nyerere intervened, saying that he could convince the
MPLA government to repatriate Soviet and Cuban troops. Satisfied,
South Africa began to withdraw troops, but it was not until 1988 that all
South African forces left Angola. The last Cuban troops left in May 1991.
On 16 June 1976 riots broke out in the South African township of So-
weto when police opened fire on a group of students protesting South Af-
rica's education system for black pupils. Within days protests spread to
other townships and many were killed. The killings prompted the UN Se-
curity Council to adopt Resolution 392 condemning the South African
government's violent actions and calling for an end to apartheid and ra-
cial discrimination. 66
In June 1976 President Gerald Ford signed a law (the Clark Amend-
ment) prohibiting US support for military operations in Angola unless