The Iraqi Biological Weapons Program - Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons Since 1945 - page 182

Table 8.2 Iraqi biological warfare facilities, 1975-1991

Facility Description

Al Salman 1975 R&D program at Al Hazen Institute

May 1987 BW program under TRC
7-liter and 14-liter laboratory fermenters
150-liter fermenter from Al Muthanna
(Aug. 1990 to Al Hakam)

Al Hakam March 1988 Research and BW production

Nov. 1988 2 1850-liter fermenters from VRL
7 1480-liter fermenters from VRL

Al Muthanna 1985 Research and production

150-liter fermenter
Dec. 1990 Weaponization on large scale

Al Manal Nov. 1990-Jan. 1991 Botulinum toxin production

Also evidence of anthrax spores

Al Safa'ah
(Fudhaliyah)

1989 Aflatoxin production

Al Taji Single-cell protein plant

Production of botulinum toxin
1 450 liter fermenter (to Al Hakam Oct. 1988)

Near Mosul 1987-1988 Wheat cover smut production under TRC

that although its BW munitions and agents were unilaterally destroyed in
the summer of 1991, a decision was taken to conceal other aspects of its
BW program from UNSCOM. Thus, for example, its main BW production
facility at Al Hakam was converted to a civilian plant to disguise its true
nature.
UNMOVIC in its 6 March 2003 paper on unresolved issues stated that,
“Of all its proscribed weapons programs, Iraq's biological warfare (BW)
program was perhaps the most secretive. Iraq has stated that knowledge
of the program was kept to a select few officials and that, to maintain se-
crecy, special measures were taken. This secrecy was maintained after the
Gulf War when Iraq went to considerable lengths, including the destruc-
tion of documents and the forging of other documents, to conceal its BW
efforts from UNSCOM.” 7
The UNSCOM document of 1999, summarizing its work on the Iraqi
BW program, points out many still-unresolved discrepancies in the Iraqi