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cept (LAC) R&D activity in one place, it was decided that previous US
work on in this field should be transferred to Suffield “because of the
availability of field facilities side by side with laboratory facilities.” This
move would also expedite future tests for the dispersal of bacterial and vi-
ral slurries from aircraft, “to produce fine aerosols.”
37
This change in testing venue did not concern Dugway scientists, largely
because of their ongoing collaboration with DRES “to test present candi-
date CW and BW munition-agent systems, to provide field data on muni-
tion and component functioning...andtheestimation of target effects.”
Indeed, throughout the 1950s semiannual informal conferences between
the two facilities had been institutionalized, providing an opportunity for
scientists to discuss ways of achieving greater standardization in their re-
spective BW testing techniques.
38
This cozy relationship was somewhat altered by the 1961-62 changes
in the US Defense Department's approach to BW, engineered by its new
boss, Robert McNamara. In an attempt to rationalize existing weapon sys-
tems, McNamara established the Project 112 Working Group, which sub-
sequently recommended that the Army's CWS carry out BW agent re-
search for all the military services. To facilitate this added responsibility, it
was decided to place Fort Detrick's BW R&D activities and Pine Bluff's
production facilities within the Army's Munitions Control Division, while
BW testing was assigned to the Army's Testing and Evaluation Command,
located at the Deseret Test Center (DTC), Utah, which was also responsi-
ble for Dugway. In addition, the DTC was responsible “for planning, orga-
nizing, executing and reporting all extra-continental field work for the
US forces,” as well as carrying out negotiations with Canadian and British
research centers.
39
During the next nine years the Deseret Test Center was involved with
the planning of a large number of CBW munitions tests outside the US,
many involving live pathogens. These occurred at tropical sites such as
the Marshall Islands and at the Gerstle River cold-weather site in Alaska,
as well as a series of maritime trials to determine how the US Navy and its
NATO allies could withstand CBW attacks. At least three of these in-
volved Canadian scientific and military personnel: Elk Hunt, Phase II CW
(June-July 1964); Copperhead, January-February 1965, (BW) off New-
foundland; West Side II, (BW) Suffield, January-March 1965; and Rapid
Tan, (CW) July-August 1968.
40
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