Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
discussions surrounding relationships between human behaviour (e.g. land use,
payments for services, crop or technology choices) and conditions of environmental
resources (water, soil or waste). This is especially because the concept of
co-provision emphasizes the following issues:
Accountability in
fiscal relations involving multiple levels of government that
influences decisions on infrastructure design and incentives for undertaking
maintenance.
Climate-induced risks posed by variability in climatic, soil and groundwater
conditions that influence
system
performance in terms of biophysical processes
(e.g. material flows) or infrastructure operation (e.g. of dams or wastewater
plants).
Exercise of discretion by public of
cials in enforcement of rules at different
levels of government.
Uncertainty in factor and product markets that influence incentives for coop-
eration in management of common pool resources.
Heterogeneous social relations that offer opportunities for local leadership to
emerge to enforce natural resources management rules effectively.
2.2 Adaptive Management: Coming to Terms with Policy
and Implementation in Support of the Nexus
1. Sustainability of infrastructure investments: Chap.
6
in this volume uses
several case studies to demonstrate the importance of incorporating life-cycle
costs in planning for infrastructure projects. However, as Reddy and Kurian
point out, despite the apparent bene
ts of employing life-cycle cost approaches,
planners are reluctant to use them in their planning procedures and processes.
compromising the sustainability of infrastructure projects, a number of other
problems can arise. These include a potential increase in public debt by local
governments and inability to meet the service delivery needs of poorer segments
of the population.
2. Incentive structures: Greater autonomy of local governments to decide on
policy design and implementation may allow for greater innovation in incentive
structures. Mario Suardi argues in Chap.
5
that results-based
financing is a
promising approach that allows local governments to innovate with use of
financing instruments such as payment for environmental services and cash on
demand to target services at poorer segments of the population. He also
emphasizes the importance of
at different levels of gov-
ernment. Adaptive management is essentially the ability of resource manage-
ment regimes to devise effective resource management strategies that respond to
environmental events/shocks and changes in human behaviour. From an
'
alignment of rules
'
Search WWH ::
Custom Search