Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Infrastructure Projects - Governing the Nexus: Water, Soil and Waste Resources Considering Global Change - page 108

Service level with
regular maintenance

S
e
r
v
i
c
e
l
e
v
e
l

Rehabilitation after
major breakdown

Initial
Investment

Service levelwith
intermittent capital
maintenance

Time / Investment

Fig. 1 Capital maintenance and service levels

Fig. 2 Nexus — LCCA —
Sustainable services

WATER ENERGY

LCA

Source Sustainability
Asset Management
Risk Management
Pre& Post Infrastructure
Waste Management
Inter-sectoral Externalities

Resource
Protection

Efficient
Allocation

Risk Mitigation-
Source & System

Sustainable Services

Food Security

2.3 Adoption of LCCA: Scale and Intensity

The adoption of LCCA is widespread covering numerous products in both public
and private sectors. Most of the products, however, pertain to manufacturing sector
covering construction, energy, transportation, etc. And the purpose of these studies
are mostly for design trade-offs (45 %); source selection (38 %) and repair level