Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 2 (continued)
Issue
Issue description
Possible RBF tool use
High-level policy objec-
tives infrastructure invest-
ment programmes budget
execution
Need to improve performance
in certain sectors or aspects
within a sector
Cash on Delivery (COD) is a
hands-off approach that
rewards governments for pro-
gressive, long-term results
Large investments are needed
to build infrastructure
OBD schemes can improve
budget execution for large
investments (lower Govern-
ment levels are responsible
for agreed outputs)
Government needs to improve
execution of investment plans
(low capacity, rent-seeking
behaviours, etc.)
Poor service delivery or
operation and
maintenance
A vicious cycle (often seen in
irrigation) of inadequate ser-
vice supply or administrative
failures, together with incor-
rect pricing of goods and
resources prevent the sustain-
able provision of services
Various RBF alternatives
could be appropriate from
high-level COD, to OBD
agreements, to more output-
specific OBA
(4)
Improving transparency in allocation of resources through transfers and pay-
ments based on independent veri
cation of results.
On a different level, related to implementation aspects of the RBF tools, con-
tributions can be made on:
(1) Gathering information for the nexus databases: Expanding the scope of data
gathered as part of the independent veri
cation mechanism inherent to most
RBF tools.
(2) Extending the focus of the interventions beyond the outputs into the outcomes.
(3) Addressing the issue of public versus private management models.
(4) Overcoming dichotomies like putting emphasis on ef
ciency versus equity
using targeted subsidies.
c case that includes some interactions
between different nexus components that may be initially implemented in a pilot
scale and later scaled up, once the interactions and crossed effects are clear. The
second one introduces a broader analysis of how different RBF tools could be used
to contribute to advancing the nexus approach.
The
first scenario focuses on a speci
4.1 Scenario 1: A Speci
c Case of Aquifer Sustainability
In certain circumstances (this scenario is based on an actual case), to facilitate
irrigation in areas that could only use groundwater for that purpose, governments
provide free electricity to farmers. This has led to over exploitation of the aquifer
and its consequent depletion to the point that farmers have to drill deeper pump
wells leading to higher electricity consumption to pump out the water.
Search WWH ::
Custom Search