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R
N
N
RuCl 3
Cl 3 Ru
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
43a : R = EtO
43b :R =Cl
RuCl 3 . 3H 2 O
refluxing
ethanol, 3h
41c
N -ethylmorpholine
refluxing methanol, 1h
t -Bu
t -Bu
42 , 92%
4+
R
R
N
N
N
N
N
N
Ru
Ru
N
N
N
N
N
NH 4 PF 6
N
t
-Bu
t
-Bu
4PF 6
44a : R = EtO, 73%; 44b : R = Cl, 68%
Scheme 8 Synthesis of helical dinuclear ruthenium(II) bis(terpyridine) complexes [ 44 ]
Fig. 12 Structures of 4,5-
disubstituted phenanthrenes
45 and 46 [ 46 ]
Me
Me
N
Me
N
N
N
H
H
45
46
2.3
4,5-Dihalophenanthrenes
The synthetic procedures for the four 4,5-dihalophenanthrenes 47a-d (Fig. 13 ) have
been reported. For 47a , 47b , and perhaps 47c , the procedures are similar to that
outlined in Scheme 1 [ 47 - 49 ]. Iodination of 4,5-dilithiophenanthrene produces
 
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