Special features in tendering, award and contract - Tunnel Engineering: Basics and Additional Services for Design and Construction - page 337

Table 9-2 Marking of the partial criteria according to Table 9.1.

No statement 0 mark

Inadequate statement or not capable of evaluation 1 mark

General statements, which are not significant for implementation 2 marks

Adequate: statements to be evaluated with reservations 3 marks

Good: the statements can be evaluated as “practical“ for implementation 4 marks

Particularly suitable: the bidder is particularly suitable in terms of know-how and experience 5 marks

Quality management. Clients as contract partners could also assume until now that con-
tractors would take the necessary care demanded of them to ensure quality. When contrac-
tors tender with a quality management (QM), then they are obliged to align their duty of
care according to it.
Such a system may be adequate as simple quality assurance in individual cases. Gener-
ally, however, the quality targets formulated by the client, which are only derived from the
intended use in intensive processing during the design phase, are missing.
In contrast to the mechanical engineering or consumer production industries, the construc-
tion industry in effect only produces one-off products. Quality management for a construc-
tion work as a whole - which thus has to include the clients, designers and all contractors
- needs to be organised according to these special features. Controlling quality assurance
must differ from a handling of quality that is mainly restricted to supervision. The prime
aim of project-oriented quality management (PQM) must therefore be to proactively avoid
mistakes in design and construction. This is done in two steps:
- The performance of targeted analyses to produce hazard scenarios early in the design
phase, derive the associated risks and plan measures in order to ensure a consistent
residual risk within the bounds of cost-effectiveness. Risk is always to be regarded as
a danger that is evaluated according to its consequences and probability of occurrence.
- To control quality through suitable measures in design and construction.

The usefulness of such a multi-function PQM system has been demonstrated by
- a high degree of design with good construction quality,
- consistent but not ridiculously increased construction quality,
- clear contract mechanisms,
- a considerably cost saving (in the case of the Murgenthal Tunnel, the client estimated
this at 10 %).
Such a multi-function PQM system is summarised in a quality control plan. Fig. 9-1 shows
a flow diagram for the production of a quality control plan stating the most important
documents required for the procedure. The essential stages in the overall procedure are:
- Utilisation plan with
- formulation of the intended uses.
- Correlations of intended use - serviceability - cost-effectiveness.
- Risk analysis based on potential hazard scenarios.
- Safety plan.