Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Chapter 10
Hydrogen Sulfide: A Toxic Gas Produced
by Dissimilatory Sulfate and Sulfur Reduction
and Consumed by Microbial Oxidation
Larry L. Barton, Marie-Laure Fardeau, and Guy D. Fauque
Contents
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
238
1
INTRODUCTION .........................................................................
238
1.1 Overview of Bacteria and Archaea Associated
with Hydrogen Sulfide Metabolism ................................................
240
1.1.1 Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria and Archaea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
240
1.1.2 Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria and Archaea . . . . . . . . ............................
242
1.1.3 Sulfur-, Sulfite-, and Thiosulfate-Disproportionating Bacteria ............
245
1.1.4 Sulfide-, Sulfur-, Sulfite-, and Thiosulfate-Oxidizing Bacteria . . . . . . .....
245
1.2 Properties and Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide ......................................
249
1.3 Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide on Gene Expression
and Physiology of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough . . . . ....................
250
2 ENZYMOLOGY OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION
FROM SULFATE .........................................................................
250
2.1 Enzymology of Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ..................................
250
2.2 ATP Sulfurylase . . ...................................................................
251
2.3 Dissimilatory Adenylylsulfate Reductase ..........................................
253
2.4 Sulfite Reductases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
254
2.4.1 Dissimilatory High-Spin Sulfite Reductase ................................
254
2.4.2 Oxy-Sulfur Reductases in Non-sulfate Reducers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
260
2.4.3 Low-Molecular-Mass and Low-Spin Assimilatory-Type Sulfite
Reductase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris H, Desulfuromonas
acetoxidans , and Methanosarcina barkeri .................................
261
3 ENZYMOLOGY OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION
FROM ELEMENTAL SULFUR .........................................................
262
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