Environmental Engineering Reference
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processes that lead to inactive states. Here, an immediate problem is posed by the
fact that C ox is EPR-silent, thus denying us a substantial amount of spectroscopic
information; the same is true for C int , which is particularly elusive.
3 Protein Film Electrochemistry
Protein film electrochemistry refers to a suite of dynamic electrochemical tech-
niques that address enzyme molecules directly attached to an electrode surface,
allowing catalytic activity to be recorded (as current) as a continuous function of
electrode potential and/or time [ 42 - 45 ]. The importance of steady-state activity
relating directly to steady-state current at any given potential is a unique aspect of
PFE. The concept is depicted (idealistically) in Figure 4 . The electrode provides a
wide and continuous range of potential that is very difficult to achieve using
conventional methods; for example, catalytic CO 2 reduction by CODH requires
Figure 4 Cartoon depicting the concept of protein film electrochemistry, as applied to CODH.
Squares represent the FeS clusters D, B, and C.
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