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of learners. Table 3.1 depicts the relation between a learner's cognitive state and
the transitions among the KL stereotypes of the presented hybrid student model.
Furthermore, Fig. 3.5 depicts the sequence of the changes of a learner's cognitive
state in relation with her/his progress or no-progress.
3.5 Application of F.O.S. in a Programming
Tutoring System
The F.O.S. has been incorporated into an innovative integrated e-learning environ-
ment for computer programming and the language 'C'. The F.O.S. is responsible
for identifying and updating the student's knowledge level, taking the different
pace of learning of each individual learner into account. The system can adapt
dynamically to each individual learner's needs by scheduling the sequence of les-
sons on the fly. This personalization allows each learner to complete the e-training
course at their own pace and according to their ability.
In particular, the system retains static information about each student, such
as her/his previous experience on computer programming and the programming
languages that s/he already knows. It also retains dynamic information, such as
errors, misconceptions and progress. F.O.S. allows the system to recognize when
a new domain concept is completely unknown to the learner, or when it is partly
known due to the learner having previous related knowledge. Furthermore, the
system recognizes when a previously-known domain concept has been completely
or partly forgotten by the learner. Thus it models either the possible increase or
decrease of the learner's knowledge. Also, each time the system checks if the
learner's errors were due to possible confusion with features of another previ-
ously-known programming language. In this case, it responds accordingly. Below,
the application of F.O.S. in the programming tutoring system of the language 'C'
is presented.
3.5.1 Fuzzy Rules
The defined fuzzy sets and their membership functions are the following:
Unknown (Un) : the degree of success in the domain concept is from 0 to 50 %.
Moderate Known (MKn) : the degree of success in the domain concept is from
40 to 70 %.
Known (Kn) : the degree of success in the domain concept is from 60 to 80 %.
Learned (L) : the degree of success in the domain concept is from 75 to 90 %.
Assimilated (A) : the degree of success in the domain concept is from 85 to
100 %.
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