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−12
3 −4
−12
3 −4
√
(d)
−12
3 −4
norm
=
=
−12
3 −4
(−12)
2
+3
2
+(−4)
2
−12
3 −4
−12
13
3
13
−4
13
=
=
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
√
(e)
1
1
1
1
norm
=
=
1
1
1
1
1
2
+1
2
+1
2
+1
2
1
1
1
1
=
=
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2
7.
(a)
7 −2 −3
+
6
6 −4
=
7 + 6 −2 + 6 −3 + (−4)
=
13
4 −7
2
9 −1
−2 −9
1
2 + (−2)
9 + (−9) −1 + 1
0
0
0
(b)
+
=
=
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
2
4
−5
3
5
3
10
7
−7
4
3−8
10−(−7)
7−4
(c)
−
=
=
17
3
2
4
3
5
2
4
−
−5
11
3
5
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
4
−11
4−(−4)
5−(−5)
−11−11
8
10
−22
(d)
−
=
=
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
a
b
c
2
1
−6
3a
3b
3c
8
40
−24
3a−8
3b−40
3c + 24
(e) 3
−4
=
−
=
,
−14
30
10
6
8.
(a) distance
=
(10−(−14))
2
+ (6−30)
2
√
576 + 576
=
24
2
+ (−24)
2
=
√
=
1152 ≈ 33.94
0
0
−12
5
(b) distance
,
=
(0−(−12))
2
+ (0−5)
2
√
144 + 25
=
12
2
+ (−5)
2
=
√
=
169 = 13
0
@
2
4
3
5
2
4
3
5
1
A
3
10
7
−7
4
(c) distance
,
=
(3−8)
2
+ (10−(−7))
2
+ (7−4)
2
√
=
(−5)
2
+ 17
2
+ 3
2
=
25 + 289 + 9
√
=
323 ≈ 17.97
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