From Physiology, Genomes, Systems, and Self-Organization to Systems Biology: The Historical Roots of a Twenty-First Century Approach to Complexity - Systems Biology of Metabolic and Signaling Networks - page 13

are both cause and effect, together with their self-organizing properties, constitute
the most consistent defining trait of living systems and the source of their inherent
complexity (Cortassa et al. 2012 ). Indeed, it is increasingly recognized that the
regulatory state of a cell or tissue, as driven by transcription factors and signaling
pathways, can impose itself upon the dynamics of metabolic state, but the
reciprocal—the feedback of metabolic state on regulatory state—must be equally
true (Katada et al. 2012 ; Lu and Thompson 2012 ; McKnight 2010 ). Along this vein,
one of the main undertakings of this topic is to understand how the components and
dynamics of signaling networks affect and is affected by the other cellular
mass-energy and information networks in health and disease to produce a certain
phenotype or a cellular response under defined physiological conditions.
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