MicroRNAs and Robustness in Biological Regulatory Networks. A Generic Approach with Applications at Different Levels: Physiologic, Metabolic, and Genetic - Systems Biology of Metabolic and Signaling Networks - page 92

Table 4.13 Comparison between cellular CO 2 diurnal consumption between 2 cereals, sorghum
and wheat (Tang et al. 2012 )

V CO2max / S
(mmol s 1 m 2 )

Sorghum bicolor 41.1 2.8

Triticum æstivum 27.9 1

Table 4.14 Number of common subsequences of length 6 and 7 between the chloroplast tRNA
loops and the noncoding chloroplast genomes of sorghum (total length 15,852 bases) and triticum
(total length 16,014 bases)

Observed
sorghum

Observed
triticum Subsequences Expected sorghum Expected triticum

TACCACT 0 1 0 1

TACCATT 4 1 4 1

TACCGCT 0 1 0 1

TACCGTT 1 1 1 1

ATTTGAA 3 1 4 1

GTTTGAA 1 1 5 1

ATTCGAA 3 1 5 1

GTTCGAA 3 1 3 1

ACTTGAA 0 1 2 1

GCTTGAA 0 1 1 1

ACTCGAA 3 1 3 1

GCTCGAA 1 1 1 1

Total 19** 11.7 6.8 ( m 2 σ ) 29** 11.6 6.8 ( m 2 σ )

significant (observed number equal to 0 and mean expected number 10 with a
standard deviation equal to 3.2). A classical normal test of equality between
empirical means shows that the number of ruminant mito 2 miRs is significantly
(with a threshold of 10 3 ) superior to that of nonruminant. The absence of possibil-
ity of inhibition of the tRNA transcription inside the nonruminant mitochondria can
participate to the better efficacy of the cell respiration in these nonruminants with
respect to the ruminants.
In the same vein, we have analyzed data coming from noncoding chloroplast
genome ( http://www.ncbinlmnihgov/nuccore/EF115542 ; http://www.ncbinlmnihgov/
nuccore/AB042240 ) of cereals, one belonging to the C 4 plants, the sorghum (Sorghum
bicolor), and the other to the C 3 plants, the wheat (Triticum æstivum) which represent
the most important cereals in temperate countries. The C 4 plants are known to have a
better efficacy of their chloroplast diurnal respiration than the C 3 plants, as we can see
on Table 4.13 (Byrd et al. 1992 ; Farquhar et al. 1980 ), where the sorghum is shown to
be 1.5 times more efficient that the wheat, by comparing the CO 2 consumption rate per
unit surface of whole surface S of the leaves of these cereals.
In these cereals, the CO 2 assimilation is usually limited by the capacity of
photosynthetic electron transport to supply ATP and NADPH to regenerate RuBP
(Byrd et al. 1992 ; Farquhar et al. 1980 ). Then we can compare as for the animal
mitochondria the presence of subsequences common to the noncoding chloroplast
genome and to the chloroplast tRNA loops.