Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
areas, the main constraints are the incidence of stem and sheath rot-
causing diseases, the complex RHBV/
Sogata
, blast (caused by
P. grisea
),
and inadequate agronomic practices.
National breeding objectives are the development of cultivars with
high yield potential, high milling quality, increased resistance to stem
and sheath rot diseases, vegetative vigor, and lodging tolerance. For
coastal areas, tolerance of leaf miner, moderate tolerance of soil salinity,
false smut resistance, and, to a lesser extent, cold tolerance during
lling stages are also needed. For the more tropical
areas, blast resistance, RHBV resistance, and
Sogata
tolerance are the
most important breeding objectives (Bruzzone 2002).
For grain quality, breeders must be aware that Peru has two main rice
commercial types: (1) the NIR class, medium amylose, intermediate
gelatinization temperature, and medium-long grain (length: 6.95
flowering and grain-
-
7.5mm; length/width ratio: 3.0
3.4), and (2) the Capirona class, high
amylose, intermediate gelatinization temperature, and long slender
grain (length: 7.75
-
-
7.85mm; length/width ratio: 3.7
-
3.9).
3. Breeding Methods.
Table 5.7 summarizes the plant breeding meth-
ods used to develop rice cultivars released in Peru during the last
50 years. Released cultivars were mostly developed either through
selection from introduced germplasm or from single-plant selection
Table 5.7.
Breeding methods used to develop Peruvian cultivars released during the last
50 years.
Breeding methods
Cultivars
Introduced from international
research centers
Cultivar selection
IR8, BG 90-2, CICA-8, IR43
Advanced line selection
PA-2, PA-3, Porvenir 86,
INIA-14, Uquihua,
Selva Alta, Porvenir 95
Pedigree from segregating
populations
Chancay, Naylamp, Alto
Mayo, La Esperanza,
Capirona, Huallaga-
INIA
Hybridization
(Peruvian breeding programs)
Bulk pedigree
VIFLOR, San Martín,
Amazonas, Costa Norte,
Sicán, Oro, Santa Ana
Pedigree
Inti, Urpi, Taymi, Pítipo,
Amor, Bijao, La
Conquista, Tinajones,
IDAL-186, Mallares
Hybrid breeding (private company)
Aryze QM 1003
