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This approach is well illustrated by the work by Dierks on PLC-automata [2].
An extension to such a framework could integrate model checking with proof
strategies for standard forms in a development tool.
A remaining concern is the link to the code and to a run time system. Veri-
ed compilers and compilers that check scheduling information are not common;
programming language technology has been geared more towards the large mar-
ket for general programming than the niche of embedded systems. Perhaps the
problem will be solved by integrated development environments that translate
directly from state machines to binary code, avoiding all the complications of
general purpose programming languages.
ProCoS is now in the past, but it has left the challenge to develop an engineer-
ing practise for embedded systems; a practise that is based on mathematically
sound techniques and linking top level requirements to the computer system at
the bottom. This was the vision of the ProCoS `fathers: Dines Bjrner, Tony
Hoare and Hans Langmaack.
Acknowledgment. We thank Tony Hoare and Ernst-Rudiger Olderog for instruc-
tivecommentsonpreviousdraftsofthispaper.
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