Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
originates from mid-ocean waters and that it was not mixed with ballast water from
another area. For vessels arriving from a port or place within the Pacifi c Coast
Region the exception applies only when ballast water intended to be discharged
originates from the “same port or place” and was not mixed with ballast water from
another area. Two larger port regions / port complexes have already been identifi ed
as a single port or place: (1) San Francisco Bay area east of the Golden Gate Bridge,
and (2) Los Angeles, Long Beach and the El Segundo marine terminal (
California
'
s
Marine Invasive Species Program 2010
;
California Code of Regulations
, Title 2,
Division 3, Chapter 1, Article 4.6). As a result unmanaged ballast water may be
transferred between San Francisco Bay ports, which would include ballast water
transfer between Oakland and Sacramento, ports which are more than 50 NM apart.
In conclusion, the Californian approach follows the “same location” logic of IMO,
but the same location is here defi ned as a wider area. Lawrence and Cordell (
2010
)
recommend to re-examine this exemption approach to evaluate the associated risks.
For more information about the BWM Convention's same location concept see
Gollasch and David (
2012
), David et al. (
2013
) and chapter
“
Ballast Water
Central America
No ballast water operation is permitted in the Panama Canal (Lloyds Register
2011
).
This requirement is probably more related to avoid blocking of the canal, i.e. not to
take a risk of machinery failure which could result in reduced manoeuvrability of
vessels or as a worst case scenario in capsizing a vessel. A similar rule exists for the
other two major shipping canals in the world - the Kiel and Suez Canals.
South America
BWE is widely required and applies in Argentina, Brazil (with additional require-
ments for the Amazon and Para River regions), Chile and Peru (Boltovskoy et al.
2011
; Lloyds Register
2011
). Peru also accepts ballast water treatment as a manage-
ment measure (Lloyds Register
2011
). More recently it became known that
Colombia and Ecuador also require BWE.
Europe
The European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) is the responsible body for mari-
time safety and environmental matters also addressing ballast water related issues.
In 2009 the EMSA Ballast Water Action Programme was developed and the follow-
ing objectives were included:
• Development of guidance for sampling for enforcement of the BWM require-
ments as a basis for global guidance,
Search WWH ::
Custom Search